Location of Papillion within Nebraska and Sarpy County | |
Coordinates: 41°9′21″N96°2′27″W / 41.15583°N 96.04083°WCoordinates: 41°9′21″N96°2′27″W / 41.15583°N 96.04083°W | |
Country | United States |
---|---|
State | Nebraska |
County | Sarpy |
Area | |
• Total | 10.15 sq mi (26.27 km2) |
• Land | 9.87 sq mi (25.57 km2) |
• Water | 0.27 sq mi (0.70 km2) |
Elevation | 1,010 ft (308 m) |
Population | |
• Total | 18,894 |
• Estimate (2018)[3] | 20,530 |
• Density | 1,978.83/sq mi (764.06/km2) |
Time zone | UTC−6 (Central (CST)) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC−5 (CDT) |
ZIP codes | |
Area code(s) | 402 |
FIPS code | 31-38295 |
GNIS feature ID | 0831967[4] |
Website | papillion.org |
Papillion is a city in Sarpy County in the state of Nebraska. It is an 1870s railroad town and suburb of Omaha. The city is part of the larger five-county metro area of Omaha, and is the county seat of Sarpy County.[5] The population of Papillion was 18,894 at the 2010 census.
- 5Demographics
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Overview[edit]
The city was named after the creek of the same name which flows through its center. The name Papillion (papillon) is derived from the French term for butterfly. According to local tradition the early French explorers named the creek Papillion because many butterflies were found along its grassy banks.[6] Papillion was platted in 1870 when the railroad was extended to that point.[7] Papillion (sometimes referred to as 'Papio' by its residents) is one of the last of the late 18th-century, Paris-inspired frontier cities left in the Midwestern United States.
Halleck Park, a recreation area in the heart of the city, includes many trails, open spaces, trees and a number of areas of interest, including Papio Fun Park, Papio Bay Aquatic Park, Papio Pool, and Papio Bowl. In addition to trails, trees and much green space, inside the park are tennis courts, volleyball courts, playgrounds, 'The Duck Pond', Monarch Field ('The Pit'), and E.A. Fricke Field.
There are also nine other baseball diamonds within the park for youth. The baseball diamonds are spread across three fields: Halleck, Blonde, and Papio Bay. Village Park, Papio Bay Aquatic Center (including two water slides and a zero depth pool) and Walnut Creek recreational park round out just a few of the many parks and recreational interest points of the city. Papillion Middle School is in the downtown area south of Papio Creek; the building was the high school until August 1971 while the old junior high was directly west, across the street. Also downtown are the Old A.W. Clarke banking house, Sump Memorial Library, City Hall, Portal One-Room School House, Papillion Municipal Building (Sarpy County Courthouse until 1970), and the John Sutter House.
Other areas of interest in Papillion include Sarpy County Court House and Jail, Shadow Lake Towne Center, and Midlands Hospital, all along Nebraska Highway 370 in the southern portion of the city.
Papillion is now Nebraska's home of Triple-Aminor league baseball. Werner Park, located less than three miles (5 km) west of the city on Highway 370 in unincorporated Sarpy County, opened in 2011 as the new home of the Omaha Storm Chasers of the Pacific Coast League. The Storm Chasers were formerly the Omaha Royals; after 42 years at Rosenblatt Stadium in south Omaha, the team moved out following the 2010 season and changed their nickname. They have been the only AAA-affiliate of the Kansas City Royals, an expansion club that entered the American League in 1969.
Politics[edit]
Papillion City Hall
Papillion is divided into four wards with two councilmembers representing each. One seat for each ward is up for election every two years, with each term lasting four years. The mayor is the head of the city council and is elected to four-year terms. The council meets every two weeks. Following former Mayor James Blinn's resignation on July 7, 2009, city council president David Black became mayor of Papillion. He was elected for his first full term in 2010.
Geography[edit]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.47 square miles (16.76 km2), of which 6.45 square miles (16.71 km2) is land and 0.02 square miles (0.05 km2) is water.[8]
Economy[edit]
Companies based in Papillion include Infogroup.
Demographics[edit]
Historical population | |||
---|---|---|---|
Census | Pop. | %± | |
1880 | 444 | -- | |
1890 | 600 | 35.1% | |
1900 | 594 | −1.0% | |
1910 | 624 | 5.1% | |
1920 | 666 | 6.7% | |
1930 | 718 | 7.8% | |
1940 | 763 | 6.3% | |
1950 | 1,034 | 35.5% | |
1960 | 2,235 | 116.2% | |
1970 | 5,606 | 150.8% | |
1980 | 6,399 | 14.1% | |
1990 | 10,372 | 62.1% | |
2000 | 16,363 | 57.8% | |
2010 | 18,894 | 15.5% | |
Est. 2018 | 20,530 | [3] | 8.7% |
U.S. Decennial Census[9] 2013 Estimate[10] |
2000 census[edit]
As of the census of 2000, there were 16,363 people, 5,505 households, and 4,337 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,927.9 people per square mile (1,515.1/km²). There were 5,751 housing units at an average density of 1,380.5 per square mile (532.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 93.02% White, 2.46% African American, 0.38% Native American, 1.41% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.00% from other races, and 1.71% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 2.92% of the population.
There were 5,505 households out of which 46.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.3% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.2% were non-families. 17.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.90 and the average family size was 3.30.
In the city, the population was spread out with 31.6% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 8.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.3 males.
As of 2000 the median income for a household in the city was $63,992, and the median income for a family was $70,737 (these figures had risen to $72,136 and $80,923 respectively as of a 2007 estimate). Males had a median income of $45,678 versus $27,984 for females. The per capita income for the city was $24,521. About 2.5% of families and 2.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.6% of those under age 18 and 2.3% of those age 65 or over.
2010 census[edit]
As of the census[2] of 2010, there were 18,894 people, 6,925 households, and 5,079 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,929.3 inhabitants per square mile (1,131.0/km2). There were 7,240 housing units at an average density of 1,122.5 per square mile (433.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 90.7% White, 3.3% African American, 0.4% Native American, 1.5% Asian, 1.5% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 5.2% of the population.
There were 6,925 households of which 38.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.5% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 26.7% were non-families. 22.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.15.
The median age in the city was 36.8 years. 27.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.3% were from 25 to 44; 28.5% were from 45 to 64; and 11% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.8% male and 51.2% female.
Schools[edit]
Papillion is part of the Papillion-La Vista Public School District, which includes two high schools, three middle schools and numerous public elementary schools. Papillion-La Vista South High School, the newer of the two high schools, opened in 2003. It is located in southwest Papillion while Papillion-La Vista High School, opened in 1971, is located in the northern part of the city close to the LaVista border. The school district has well over 8,000 students and is one of the fastest-growing districts in Nebraska. There are a few private elementary schools in the city as well.
Papillion is home to Nebraska Christian College, accredited by the Association for Biblical Higher Education.[11]
Climate[edit]
Climate data for Papillion, Nebraska | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Average high °F (°C) | 32 (0) | 38 (3) | 50 (10) | 63 (17) | 74 (23) | 84 (29) | 87 (31) | 85 (29) | 77 (25) | 65 (18) | 48 (9) | 35 (2) | 62 (16) |
Average low °F (°C) | 12 (−11) | 18 (−8) | 28 (−2) | 40 (4) | 51 (11) | 61 (16) | 66 (19) | 64 (18) | 54 (12) | 41 (5) | 28 (−2) | 16 (−9) | 40 (4) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 0.77 (20) | 0.80 (20) | 2.13 (54) | 2.94 (75) | 4.44 (113) | 3.95 (100) | 3.86 (98) | 3.21 (82) | 3.17 (81) | 2.21 (56) | 1.82 (46) | 0.92 (23) | 30.22 (768) |
Source: The Weather Channel[12] |
Notable people[edit]
- Sarah Rose Summers – Miss USA 2018
- Becca Swanson — World's Strongest Woman
References[edit]
- ^'2017 U.S. Gazetteer Files'. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved Jan 12, 2019.
- ^ ab'American FactFinder'. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2012-06-24.
- ^ ab'Population and Housing Unit Estimates'. Retrieved July 30, 2019.
- ^'US Board on Geographic Names'. United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^'Find a County'. National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
- ^usgennet.org - Nebraska place names - Sarpy County - accessed 2011-09-08
- ^'Papillion, Sarpy County'. Center for Advanced Land Management Information Technologies. University of Nebraska. Retrieved 2014-08-23.
- ^'US Gazetteer files 2010'. United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2012-01-25. Retrieved 2012-06-24.
- ^United States Census Bureau. 'Census of Population and Housing'. Retrieved 2013-06-22.
- ^'Population Estimates'. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2014-07-15.
- ^'Consumer Information'.Nebraska Christian College. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
- ^'Monthly Averages for Papillion, Nebraska'. Weather.com. 2010. Retrieved 2010-03-31.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Papillion, Nebraska. |
- papillion.org - City of Papillion website
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Papillion,_Nebraska&oldid=917355131'
Author | Henri Charrière |
---|---|
Translator | Patrick O'Brian |
Country | France |
Language | French |
Genre | Autobiographical novel |
Publisher | Robert Laffont (French) Hart-Davis, MacGibbon (English) |
Publication date | 1969 |
January 1970 | |
Pages | 516 (French) |
Followed by | Banco |
Papillon (French: [papijɔ̃], lit. 'butterfly') is an autobiographical novel written by Henri Charrière, first published in France on 30 April 1969. Papillon is Charrière's nickname.[1] The novel details Papillon's incarceration and subsequent escape from the French penal colony of French Guiana, and covers a 14-year period between 1931 and 1945.
Synopsis[edit]
The book is an account of a 14-year period in Papillon's life (October 26, 1931 to October 18, 1945), beginning when he was wrongly convicted of murder in France and sentenced to a life of hard labor at the Bagne de Cayenne, the penal colony of Cayenne in French Guiana known as Devil's Island. He eventually escaped from the colony and settled in Venezuela, where he lived and prospered.
After a brief stay at a prison in Caen, Papillon was put aboard a vessel bound for South America, where he learned about the brutal life that prisoners endured at the prison colony. Violence and murders were common among the convicts. Men were attacked for many reasons, including money, which most kept in a charger (a hollow metal cylinder concealed in the rectum; also known as a plan d'evasion, plan, or 'escape suppository')[2]. Papillon befriended Louis Dega, a former banker convicted of counterfeiting. He agreed to protect Dega from attackers trying to get his charger.
Upon arriving at the penal colony, Papillon claimed to be ill and was sent to the infirmary. There he collaborated with two men, Clousiot and André Maturette, to escape from the prison. They planned to use a sailboat acquired with the help of the associated leper colony at Pigeon Island. The Maroni River carried them to the Atlantic Ocean, and they sailed to the northwest, reaching Trinidad.[3]
In Trinidad the trio were joined by three other escapees; they were aided by a British family, the Dutch bishop of Curaçao, and several others. Nearing the Colombian coastline, the escapees were sighted. The wind died and they were captured and imprisoned again.
In Colombian prison, Papillon joined with another prisoner to escape. Some distance from the prison, the two went their separate ways. Papillon entered the Guajira peninsula, a region dominated by Amerindians. He was assimilated into a coastal village whose specialty was pearl diving. There he married two teenage sisters and impregnated both. After spending several months in relative paradise, Papillon decided to seek vengeance against those who had wronged him.
Soon after leaving the village, Papillon was captured and imprisoned at Santa Marta, then transferred to Barranquilla. There, he was reunited with Clousiot and Maturette. Papillon made numerous escape attempts from this prison, all of which failed. He was eventually extradited to French Guiana.
As punishment, Papillon was sentenced to two years of solitary confinement on Île Saint-Joseph (an island in the Îles du Salut group, 11 kilometers from the French Guiana coast). Clousiot and Maturette were given the same sentence. Upon his release, Papillon was transferred to Royal Island (also an island in the Îles du Salut group). An escape attempt was foiled by an informant (whom Papillon stabbed to death). Papillon had to endure another 19 months of solitary confinement. His original sentence of eight years was reduced after Papillon risked his life to save a girl caught in shark-infested waters.
After French Guiana officials decided to support the pro-NaziVichy Regime, the penalty for escape attempts was death, or capital punishment. Papillon decided to feign insanity in order to be sent to the asylum on Royal Island. Insane prisoners could not be sentenced to death for any reason, and the asylum was not as heavily guarded as Devil's Island. He collaborated on another escape attempt but it failed; the other prisoner drowned when their boat was destroyed against rocks. Papillon nearly died as well.
Papillon returned to the regular prisoner population on Royal Island after being 'cured' of his mental illness. He asked to be transferred to Devil's Island, the smallest and considered the most 'inescapable' island in the Îles de Salut group. Papillon studied the waters and discovered possibilities at a rocky inlet surrounded by a high cliff. He noticed that every seventh wave was large enough to carry a floating object far enough out into the sea that it would drift toward the mainland. He experimented by throwing sacks of coconuts into the inlet.
He found another prisoner to accompany him, a pirate named Sylvain. He had sailed in southeast Asia, where he was known to raid ships, killing everyone aboard for their money and goods. The two men jumped into the inlet, using sacks of coconuts for flotation. The seventh wave carried them out into the ocean. After days of drifting under the relentless sun, surviving on coconut pulp, they made landfall at the mainland. Sylvain sank in quicksand after having abandoned his coconut sack.
On the mainland, Papillon encountered Cuic Cuic, who had built a hut on an 'island'. The hut was set on solid ground surrounded by quicksand; Cuic Cuic depended on a pig to find the safe route over the quicksand. The men and the pig made their way to Georgetown, British Guiana, by boat. Papillon decided to continue to the northwest in the company of five other escapees. Reaching Venezuela, the men were captured and imprisoned at mobile detention camps in the vicinity of El Dorado, a small mining town near the Gran Sabana region. Surviving harsh conditions there, and finding diamonds, Papillon was eventually released. He gained Venezuelan citizenship and celebrity status a few years later.
The impact of Papillon[edit]
The book was an immediate sensation and instant bestseller, achieving widespread fame and critical acclaim, and is considered a modern-day classic. Upon publication it spent 21 weeks as number 1 bestseller in France, with more than 1.5 million copies sold in France alone. 239 editions of the book have since been published worldwide, in 21 different languages.[1]
The book was first published in France by Robert Laffont in 1969, and first published in Great Britain by Rupert Hart-Davis in 1970, with an English translation by Patrick O'Brian. The book was adapted for a Hollywood film of the same name in 1973, starring Steve McQueen and Dustin Hoffman, as well as another in 2017, starring Charlie Hunnam and Rami Malek. Charrière also published a sequel to Papillon, called Banco, in 1973.
Papillon has been described as 'The greatest adventure story of all time' (Auguste Le Breton) and 'A modern classic of courage and excitement' (Janet Flanner, The New Yorker).
Autobiographical authenticity[edit]
Although Charrière always maintained, until his death in 1973, that events in the book were truthful and accurate (allowing for minor lapses in memory), since the book's publication there have been questions raised about its accuracy. The authenticity of the book was challenged most notably by French journalist Gérard de Villiers, author of Papillon Épinglé (Butterfly Pinned), who stated that 'only about 10 percent of Charrière's book represents the truth'.
Charrière reportedly had a reputation as a great storyteller, and critics have suggested that Papillon is more about a fictional character than the author. Charrière always said his account was true, and that he told the story to a professional writer, who drafted it in final form. The publisher, Robert Laffont, in a late interview before his death, said that the work had been submitted to him as a novel.[citation needed] Laffont specialised in publishing true adventures, and he persuaded Charrière to release the book as an autobiography.
As well as claims that not all events and jails which Charrière describes correspond to the time frame of events in the book, there are also similarities between sections of Papillon, and sections of a book written 30 years prior - La Guillotine Sèche (Dry Guillotine). Dry Guillotine, written by René Belbenoît, was published in 1938, and was also an autobiographical account of Belbenoît's incarceration on, and escape from, the French penal colony at French Guiana. The most notable similarities between these books were:
- Both authors described similar encounters with Goajira Indians. Belbenoît and Charrière both stated that they had, whilst escaping the French penal colony, met and lived with tribes of Goajira Indians who lived on the Guajira Peninsula. Both also stated they had taken Indian wives during these periods.
- Both authors also related a story about a group of escapees who had turned to cannibalism to survive. Whilst not necessarily unusual in itself, both authors also told how one member of the group of escapees had had a wooden leg, and that he had been killed and eaten by the group of escapees, and that his wooden leg has been used as a spit, or as kindling, for the cooking fire. Whilst Belbenoît stated in his book that he had been part of the group of escapees that had turned to cannibalism, Charrière related the story as having happened to a group of other inmates who were incarcerated in the French penal colony at the time of his stay.
Belbenoît and Charrière also related their experiences within solitary confinement slightly differently, with the description given by Belbenoît not being as severe as that by Charrière. Most notably Belbenoît states that all those in solitary confinement were let out of their cells for one hour per day for fresh air and exercise, whereas Charrière stated that those in solitary confinement were locked up for 24 hours a day.
Having questioned the accuracy of Papillon as an autobiography, there are a number of facts which are not in question, which do validate Charrière's novel. These include:
- That French Guiana operated as a penal colony from 1852 until 1946. Those transported there ranged from political detainees to convicts of crimes like murder, rape, robbery and smaller petty crimes. Anyone receiving a sentence of more than eight years was exiled from France for life.[4]
- That conditions at the penal colony were extremely severe - 'Forty per cent of new arrivals to the colony perished within the first year. Of the 80,000 or so who were transported during the colony's 94-year existence, few made it back to France. Most were killed by the merciless nature of the forced labour, the poor diet and lack of protection from the myriad diseases rampant in the unfamiliar tropical environment. Many died during escape attempts, savaged by wild animals, ravaged by scurvy, or picked off by professional escapee hunters - or in the case of sea-bound escapes, drowned or were eaten by the sharks that infest the coastal waters.'[4]
- Charrière was born in the Ardèche, France, in 1906.[5]
- Charrière was sentenced in 1931 to hard life for murder and sent to the French penal colony in French Guiana, from which he eventually escaped.
- Charrière did escape, became a Venezuelan citizen, successful restaurateur and best-selling author.
Papillon is perhaps best regarded as a narrative novel, depicting the adventures of Charrière and several fellow inmates, among them Charles Brunier.[6][7]
Film adaptations[edit]
The book was adapted as a 1973 film of the same name, starring Steve McQueen as Henri Charrière and Dustin Hoffman as Louis Dega. Differences include a section of the movie set in the mainland penal colony. This does not occur in the book. The film received largely positive reviews.[8] The film was remade in 2017, based on the novel and the 1973 film, starring Charlie Hunnam as 'Papillon' and Rami Malek as Dega.
Editions[edit]
- ISBN0-06-093479-4 (560 pages; English; paperback; published by Harper Perennial; July 1, 2001)
- ISBN0-246-63987-3 (566 pages; English; hardcover; published by Hart-Davis Macgibbon Ltd; January, 1970)
- ISBN0-85456-549-3 (250 pages; English; large-print hardcover; published by Ulverscroft Large Print; October, 1976)
- ISBN0-613-49453-9 (English; school and library binding; published by Rebound by Sagebrush; August, 2001)
- ISBN0-7366-0108-2 (English; audio cassette; published by Books on Tape, Inc.; March 1, 1978)
See also[edit]
- Rene Belbenoit, Devil's Island convict and author of Dry Guillotine, Fifteen Years Among The Living Dead (1938)
- Charles Brunier, Devil's Island convict with a butterfly tattoo, who in 2005 claimed to have been the inspiration for Papillon
- Clément Duval, Devil's Island escapee and memoirist whose story was also said to have inspired Papillon
References[edit]
- ^ ab'Charrière, Henri 1906-1973 [WorldCat.org]'. www.worldcat.org. Retrieved 2016-08-21.
- ^Plans, Plan d'evasion, Chargers, etc.
- ^The Wild Coats: The Guyanas. 2015
- ^ abJames, Erwin (2006-12-04). 'Among the ghosts'. The Guardian. ISSN0261-3077. Retrieved 2016-08-21.
- ^'Henri Charrière - Papillon'. www.coopertoons.com. Retrieved 2016-08-21.
- ^'If this is correct; the 'real' Papillon', Rue Rude
- ^'Ex-convict aged 104 claims to be Papillon', The Telegraph
- ^'Papillon (1973)'. Rotten Tomatoes.
External links[edit]
- James Erwin (former inmate) (December 4, 2006). 'Among the ghosts'. The Guardian.
- 'The Fabulous Escapes of Papillon'. Life. November 13, 1970. pp. 45–52.
- 'Devil's Island: Reform Comes At Last to France's Most Notorious Penal Colony'. Life. July 12, 1939. pp. 65–71. A contemporary look at the then functioning 'Devil's Island' during Henri's time there.
- 'Henri Charrière - Papillon'. Coopertoons.com Caricatures. Article which refutes some claims made by Charrière in the book.
- Articles published in O Rebate which deny Charrière's, account:
- Fries, Ronald (December 2, 2004). 'Assunto: A farsa de um Papillon. (Macaé, ano I, Nº 49 - 5 a 12 de janeiro de 2007)'. O Rebate (in Portuguese). Brazil. Archived from the original on March 24, 2012.
- 'A GRANDE FARSA (Macaé, ano I, Nº 34 - 15)'. O Rebate (in Portuguese). Brazil. September 22, 2006. Archived from the original on January 9, 2013.
- 'A VERDADEIRA HISTÓRIA DE PAPILLON (Macaé, ano II, Nº 54 - 9 a 16 de fevereiro de 2007)'. O Rebate (in Portuguese). Brazil. Archived from the original on January 22, 2008.
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